In Unicode | U+00A0NO-BREAK SPACE (HTML · , ) |
---|---|
See also | U+0020SPACE (HTML ·Note: Representations here of a regular space are replaced with a no-break space)Other types of spaces |
In word processing and digital typesetting, a non-breaking space, , also called NBSP, required space,[1]hard space, or fixed space,[note 1] is a space character that prevents an automatic line break at its position. In some formats, including HTML, it also prevents consecutive whitespace characters from collapsing into a single space.
Non-breaking space characters with other widths also exist.
Hard Space Microsoft Word
Uses and variations[edit]
Despite having layout and uses similar to those of whitespace, it differs in contextual behavior.[2][3]
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- Learn how to move your Photos library to another drive to save space on your Mac. Prepare your drive You can store your library on an external storage device, such as a USB or Thunderbolt drive formatted as APFS or Mac OS Extended (Journaled).
Non-breaking behavior[edit]
Text-processing software typically assumes that an automatic line break may be inserted anywhere a space character occurs; a non-breaking space prevents this from happening (provided the software recognizes the character). For example, if the text '100 km' will not quite fit at the end of a line, the software may insert a line break between '100' and 'km'. An editor who finds this behavior undesirable may choose to use a non-breaking space between '100' and 'km'. This guarantees that the text '100 km' will not be broken: if it does not fit at the end of a line, it is moved in its entirety to the next line.
How do I insert a hard space in MS Word for MAC. Word for Mac version 15.32 - MacBook Pro - Answered by a verified Microsoft Office Technician We use cookies to give you the best possible experience on our website.
Non-collapsing behavior[edit]
A second common application of non-breaking spaces is in plain text file formats such as SGML, HTML, TeX and LaTeX, whose rendering engines are programmed to treat sequences of whitespace characters (space, newline, tab, form feed, etc.) as if they were a single character (but this behavior can be overridden). Such 'collapsing' of whitespace allows the author to neatly arrange the source text using line breaks, indentation and other forms of spacing without affecting the final typeset result.[4][5]
In contrast, non-breaking spaces are not merged with neighboring whitespace characters when displayed and can therefore be used by an author to simply insert additional visible space in the resulting output without using spans styled with peculiar values of the CSS 'white-space' property. Conversely, indiscriminate use (see the recommended use in style guides), in addition to a normal space, gives extraneous space in the output.
Width variation[edit]
Convert movies to itunes format free mac. Other non-breaking variants, defined in Unicode:
- U+202FNARROW NO-BREAK SPACE (HTML
NNBSP
) - It was introduced in Unicode 3.0 for Mongolian,[6] to separate a suffix[7] from the word stem without indicating a word boundary. It is also required for big punctuation in French, sometimes inaccurately referred to as 'double punctuation' (before
;
,?
,!
,»
,›
and after«
,‹
; today often also before:
), in Russian (before em dash [—]), and in German between multi-part abbreviations (e.g. 'z. B.', 'd. h.', 'v. l. n. r.').[8] When used with Mongolian, its width is usually one third of the normal space; in other contexts, its width is about 70% of the normal space but may resemble that of the thin space (U+2009), at least with some fonts.[9] Also starting from release 34 of Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR) the NNBSP is used in numbers as thousands group separator for French locale.[10] - U+2007FIGURE SPACE (HTML
- Produces a space equal to the figure (0–9) characters.
- U+2060WORD JOINER (HTML
·
·WJ
) - Encoded in Unicode since version 3.2. The word-joiner does not produce any space and prohibits a line break at its position.
Example[edit]
On browsers, resizing the window will demonstrate the effect of non-breaking spaces on the texts below.
To show the non-breaking effect of the non-breaking space, the following words have been separated with non-breaking spaces:
Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet Consectetur Adipiscing Elit Sed Do Eiusmod Tempor Incididunt Ut Labore Et Dolore Magna Aliqua Ut Enim Ad Minim Veniam Quis Nostrud Exercitation Ullamco Laboris Nisi Ut Aliquip Ex Ea Commodo Consequat Duis Aute
To show the non-collapsing behavior of the non-breaking space, the following words have been separated with an increasing number of non-breaking spaces:
Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet Consectetur Adipiscing Elit Sed Do Eiusmod Tempor Incididunt Ut Labore Et Dolore Magna Aliqua Ut Enim Ad Minim
In contrast, the following words are separated with ordinary spaces:
Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet Consectetur Adipiscing Elit Sed Do Eiusmod Tempor Incididunt Ut Labore Et Dolore Magna Aliqua Ut Enim Ad Minim Veniam Quis Nostrud Exercitation Ullamco Laboris Nisi Ut Aliquip Ex Ea Commodo Consequat Duis Aute
Encodings[edit]
Preview | ||
---|---|---|
Unicode name | NO-BREAK SPACE | |
Encodings | decimal | hex |
Unicode | 160 | U+00A0 |
UTF-8 | 194 160 | C2 A0 |
Numeric character reference | ||
Named character reference | , | |
ISO/IEC 8859 (1-16) / ECMA-94 | 160 | A0 |
Windows code pages: 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258 | 160 | A0 |
KOI8-R, KOI8-U | 154 | 9A |
DOScode pages: 437, 850, 851, 852, 853, 855, 856, 857, 858, 859, 860, 861, 862, 863, 864, 865, 866, 867, 869 | 255 | FF |
HP Roman-8, HP Roman-9 | 160 | A0 |
LICS | 154 | 9A |
ASCII, ISO/IEC 646 | (not available) | |
TeX | ~ | |
EBCDIC | hex: 41 – RSP, Required Space |
Unicode defines several other non-break space characters. See § Width variation. Encoding remarks:
- Word joiner, encoded in Unicode 3.2 and above as U+2060, and in HTML as
or
. - Byte order mark (BOM), U+FEFF, which may be interpreted as a 'zero width no-break space', a deprecated alternative to word joiner.
Keyboard entry methods[edit]
It is rare for national or international standards on keyboard layouts to define an input method for the non-breaking space. An exception is the Finnish multilingual keyboard, accepted as the national standard SFS 5966 in 2008. According to the SFS setting, the non-breaking space can be entered with the key combination AltGr + Space.[11]
Typically, authors of keyboard drivers and application programs (e.g., word processors) have devised their own keyboard shortcuts for the non-breaking space. For example:
System/application | Entry method |
---|---|
Microsoft Windows | Alt+0160 or Alt+255 (doesn't always work) |
macOS | ⌥ Opt+Space |
Linux or Unix using X11 | Compose, Space, Space or AltGr+Space |
AmigaOS | Alt+Space |
Ctrl+X8Space | |
Vim | Ctrl+K, Space, Space; or Ctrl+K, ⇧ Shift+N, ⇧ Shift+S |
Dreamweaver, LibreOffice, Microsoft Word, OpenOffice.org (since 3.0), AutoCAD | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Space[note 2] |
FrameMaker, LyX (non-Mac), OpenOffice.org (before 3.0), WordPerfect | Ctrl+Space |
Mac Adobe InDesign | ⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+X |
Adobe premiere mp4 mac. Apart from this, applications and environments often have methods of entering unicode entities directly via their code point, e.g. via the Alt Numpad input method. (Non-breaking space has code point 255
decimal (FF
hex) in codepage 437 and codepage 850 and code point 160
decimal (A0
hex) in codepage 1252.)
See also[edit]
- Hyphens in computing, for information about hard and non-breaking hyphens
- Space (punctuation)
- Space (punctuation) § Non-breaking space, for applications
- Zero-width space, a non-spacing break
Notes[edit]
- ^The use of the term 'fixed space' for no-break space is strongly discouraged,[by whom?] as it is confusable with the term 'fixed-width space'.
- ^On Windows 10 systems, Ctrl+⇧ Shift will by default switch keyboard configurations if more than one keyboard has been configured for the current language.
References[edit]
- ^IBM (1998) [1995]. 'Windows, Latin 1'. REGISTRY, Graphic Character Sets and Code Pages. CPGID 01252.
- ^Elyaakoubi, Mohamed; Lazrek, Azzeddine (2010). 'Justify Just or Just Justify'. The Journal of Electronic Publishing. 13. doi:10.3998/3336451.0013.105.
- ^'Special Characters'. The Chicago Manual of Style Online.
- ^'Structure', HTML 4.01, W3, 1999-12-24.
- ^'Text', CSS 2.1, W3.
- ^ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993/FDAM 29:1999(E)
- ^Mongolian NNBSP-connected suffixes
- ^Solbrig, Amelie (30 January 2008). 'Zweisprachige Mikrotypografie'(PDF) (in German). Hochschule für Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur Leipzig. p. 58 (PDF p. 113). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2016-03-11. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
Alle Abkürzungen mit Binnenpunkten werden im Deutschen mit einem gFL [geschütztes flexibles Leerzeichen] spationiert. [..] Die englische Schreibweise sieht keine Abstände zwischen einzelnen Buchstaben vor. Nach einem Binnenpunkt folgt demnach ohne gFL sofort der nächste Buchstabe.
- ^'Writing Systems and Punctuation'(PDF). The Unicode Standard 7.0. Unicode Inc. 2014. Retrieved 2014-11-02.
- ^'CLDR Chart: Numbers'.
- ^Kotoistus (2006-12-28), Uusi näppäinasettelu [Status of the new keyboard layout] (presentation) (in Finnish and English), CSC – IT Center for Science, archived from the original on 2011-07-27. Drafts of the Finnish multilingual keyboard.
Prepare your drive
You can store your library on an external storage device, such as a USB or Thunderbolt drive formatted as APFS or Mac OS Extended (Journaled). However, you can't move your library to a disk that's used for Time Machine backups. Find out how to check the format of your external storage device.
To prevent data loss, Apple doesn't recommend storing photo libraries on external storage devices like SD cards and USB flash drives, or drives that are shared on a network.
Move your Photos library to an external storage device
- Quit Photos.
- In the Finder, go to the external drive where you want to store your library.
- In another Finder window, find your library. The default location is Users > [username] > Pictures, and it's named Photos Library.
- Drag your library to its new location on the external drive. If you see an error, select your external drive's icon in the Finder, then choose File > Get Info. If the information under Sharing & Permissions isn't visible, click the triangle button , then make sure the 'Ignore ownership on this volume' checkbox is selected. If it's not selected, click the lock button to unlock it, enter an administrator name and password, then select the checkbox.*
- After the move is finished, double-click Photos Library in its new location to open it.
- If you use iCloud Photo Library, designate this library as the System Photo Library.
Delete original library to save space
After you open your library from its new location and make sure that it works as expected, you can delete the library from its original location.
In a Finder window, go back to your Pictures folder (or whichever folder you copied your library from) and move Photos Library to the trash. Then choose Finder > Empty Trash to delete the library and reclaim disk space.
Clear Hard Drive Space Mac
Open another Photos library
If you have multiple libraries, here's how to open a different one:
- Quit Photos.
- Press and hold the Option key while you open Photos.
- Select the library that you want to open, then click Choose Library.
Photos uses this library until you open a different one.
Learn more
If you have a permissions issue with your library, you might be able to resolve the issue by using the Photos library repair tool.
* If the volume isn't formatted APFS or Mac OS Extended (Journaled), or has been used for Time Machine backups but hasn't been erased, this checkbox will either not be present, or won't be selectable after unlocking. Erase and reformat the drive for this option to be available.